Code Switching and Mobile Phones in ESL

Code Switching and Mobile Phones in ESL 1.0 Introduction to code switching In this era of globalization and modernization, many of people were used more than one or more language in the conversation and community. The term of code switching, or sometimes maybe write in ‘codes witching’ or ‘code-switching’. This is broadly used and discuss in a variety of related field and linguistics. A database on the 2005 year, a search of the Language Behaviour Abstract and linguistics shows more than 1800 articles on the subject published in virtually on every branch of the linguistics. Nevertheless, despite on this ubiquity or perhaps in part of it, the scholarship does not seem to share the definition of the terms. Aside from that this perhaps is inevitable, given from the different concerns of the linguists, such like anthropologists, psycholinguists, sociolinguists, philosophers and so on. Since the code switching is studies from many and different perspective, the paper will necessary seems to omit the important element to the literature. On the other hand, many of the works are labelled ‘code switching’, this is interest in morph syntactic constrains and syntactic on the language alternation. Alternately, the studies of language acquisition, the second language acquisition, and the language if using the term code switching to describe either language learners’ or bilingual speakers’ cognitive linguists language, to describe the classroom or the learners practice involving the using of more than one or more language. The codes switch refers to the different of speech in the content. For example, the formal language or the informal language, or different languages like Spanish and English. The student who were bilingual or came from the different culture and background are noted their ability code switch. Because of the standard language are not their primary language and this matter let the student added the effort to speak accordingly in the standard form one language to another. 2.0 Factors that cause ESL Learners to code switch 2.0.1 Mother language Since they are child, they were speaking with the mother language and do not use the English language to speaking to each other, so this matter will cause the children stammer when they speaking the English to others. To further illustration on this point, for the Indian, they will speak in Tamil; for the Malay people, they will speak in Malay; for the Chinese people, they will speak in Cantonese or Chinese. Since they were still small, their parent and family never instill the other language such as the English language, so lead their children were cannot understand the English, and speaking with the English very well. 2.0.2 Parent’s education For those parents who just study for a few years, their academic and language level just common, and cannot teach and correct their child very well and formal. Sometimes they speaking with the broken language in front of their children, then their children suit their parents too. Owing to this matter, the relevant parents cannot become a good role model to the children. On the contrary, for the family which is the economy is better, they never and not allow their children to the learning central for have a better learning, their purpose is save the money so they never send the children to the learning central. Thus, they prefer to spent on something not worth it, like the famous brand of the nags, shirts, watch and a lots. 2.0.3 Teacher’s education Basically, the school education was the formal to every student. Nonetheless, some teacher was never correct student mistake. For instance, when students was saying ‘Teacher, boleh saya pergi toilet?’ Actually, the teacher may correct the sentences to ‘Teacher, may I go to toilet?’ With this case, many of the teachers were often neglect it and never correct it, so this may cause the students to be a habit. Above all, the teacher who teaching the English lesson should organize some activities all about the English language, but they did not do it. This is because some of the teacher was busy for their own personal things or lazy to organize it. 2.0.4 Education Based to the Chinese, Indian and Malay people they were not all the people that educated by the English. On the contrary, mostly parents were sent them to the school which is suit to their own race school. Owing to this reason, the language they mostly learning is their own language although have learning the English. Nevertheless, even their have the learning English skill, but they will spoke out their own language at wherever even if the school too. 2.1 Methods to overcome code switching 2.1.1 School education Every school must educated the children correctly, especially kindergarten, primary school and secondary school, this is because the basic is learn since a child. The school should arrangement some teacher who was professional in English language so that can teach the students speaking in English, or teaching the writing skill too. Aside from that, the school might organize some activities about the language of the English. We can take the example is the English programme, seminars, competition of the English story, oral English test, and so on about the English activities. This is due to the reason that students participants the activities above can train their courage and would not be afraid when face the problem of speaking in English, and would not be stammer when speaking in English. 2.1.2 Parent’s education Every parent should be a good and perfect role model to their own child. This is because whatever parents did, the children will follow it like copy and paste. Henceforth, if the parents who cannot speak out the English as well as possible then do not say it out, this attitude was to prevent the children to learn this and speak like this. Frankly saying, every parent’s should send their children to the central which is learning the English. Many studies have pointed out that learning at the learning English central can learn many of the things which is include the grammar, writing skill, conversation, speech, and so on that about the English language. On the other hand, these kinds of the learning central also can teach the children about the team spirit, help to each other, and the polite of the social. In addition to that, every parents should give some motivate and push their children to reading and speaking in English. 2.1.3 Training The children or the students who wants to improve the English level can via the reading of the English book or listen the radio which is the English station. This move is highly appropriated because the books were include many words that they never seen, more difficult, or always forgotten it. The children via these activities can approve their English as fast as possible if they were not forgo it. On top of that, they can approve their English by watching the English movie or the English songs. This is the light of the fact that the children or the students can speaking the English as fast as possible, and not afraid of speak it wrong. 3.0 Conclusion In this world, the language of the English was general and widespread in all country and city. The language of the English is the one language that can communication to others community form others countries or cities. If someone were being unfamiliar with the English language, they will be eliminated by others, even if the get dirty looks, and ridicule by others. As a result, mostly people that without the education of the English, they English level were lower than others who were receive the education of the English. As a matter of fact, the people who do not know how to speak in the English they will mix the others language into a conversation, and this is name as ‘code switching’. To prevent the code switching occurs and happen, every one might improve the English level by training well as far as possible. Second to that, the school must pay attention to the students who was bad in English. Therefore, the school can take the action to solves and prevent the code swi tch occurs and happened in the school as fast as possible so as not to regret, and the students get the formal and correct English in learning. In addition to that, every teacher in the school may set oneself an example to others students so that the students would not have a bad habit. Apart from that, besides in the school and teachers, parents also have the responsibility to correct and to instill the right information to their own children, or they can sent them to the learning central. This is due to the reason that the children can learn the correct information from the learning central and to reduce the wrong. On the other hand, parents may push and give some motivate to their children for reading the English books, and watch the English drama or film. 4.0 Introduction to mobile phone The system of the cellular telephone is the way that providing portable phone service. Every mobile phone was connected by a radio link to a base station. In contrast, the link that liked to the mobile phone’s network which is the biggest machine in the planet. In addition to that, for the radio link there is nothing special because it was used for many years. What is the smart is that the cellular system because the base station were covers with a limit area. And once the mobile phones were moved away, the mobile phone still can connect because the connection is through the neighbour base. Above all, this system is called pass to a teammate, and it allow all the mobile phone, at the same time, it also allow the reuse the base of frequency that nearby. Apart from that, in the world of the globalization and the modernization, every community and people were having their own phone and even the children too. On top of that, in 1982 the first automatic mobile phone service was lau nched in Australia and with the first cellular mobile phone service following too. And now, in the world that globalization and modernization, the technology has become the central of our everyday culture and life with day and day. Nowadays, the mobile phone was invented to many kinds, like the smartphones. And now the mobile phone was brings many convenient to the community and people, we can called someone as easily as we can, besides the call, we have the text messaging, we chat, line, Facebook, so on of the apps for communication so that we can get the information or the data as fast as possible that we receive. Furthermore, the mobile phone also can use to routine work, like for the stocks, schedules, dictionary, alarm ,and everything that we want, we can find on the mobile phones. Due to the reason that is because of our work, we ignore our health life and everything like exercise, having a meal on time, reminder. In addition, we also have a video call to each other when we ov erseas or have a chat together. In the pass, the person in the world does not have any communication because the technology not develops very well. Or maybe we have to a call to relatives or friends, their communication are using by the telegraph. On the other hand, they also get the important data or information by writing a letter. Long time ago, when the mobile phone was invented, they cannot have a face time to each other, they need a date for gathering, party and so on. Sometimes we want the get the data or information that we want, we need to have a research in the library, and this is a more trouble to them. 5.0 Advantages of bringing mobile phones to classroom 5.0.1 Emergency Students that have a mobile phones in hand that can enable summoned assistance to someone when face emergency. Many studies have point out that the incidence that mostly occur in the school, like first aid, fire, get violence in the school, kidnapping and many possible that will happen in the school. When those students face those problem or these kinds of difficult, they can call someone as fast as possible. 5.0.2 Parents contact The school shall allow every student to carry their own phone because of the necessary from parents. For instance, the emergency from a family, the carrier problem, or the students arrangement with different, they may have a call to each other ability. Sometime, students were can request by a call because of the forgotten bringing the books, project, assignment, or sometime vital. 5.0.3 Children location Mostly mobile phones that has including the GPS sensor, the position of the mobile phone that has including the introduced the places in details. Moreover, parent can use it for pay more close attention for their child’s whereabouts. GPS sensor also provides the peace of mind to every parents and teacher for the missing students and children. 5.0.4 Memory Aids These days, mostly of the mobile phones have the camera, so that the children or students can capture the notes or picture by using the camera. Due to the reason this is more effective to having all the notes and not missing one. To further illustrate on this point, most student were focus on copy the note and miss what the lecture talking about the lesson, or sometimes, students pay attention to the lecture but neglect the notes. 5.05 Learning Aids Students can use the smartphones when in the lesson or class, they can use the apps of the education which is assist and design for the students. Based on the survey, the entire education program was similar and easy for learning in study. If a students need to search some datum for their work without the laptop or computer, they can use their phone immediately. 5.0.6 Dictionary When students face the words the never seen before or do not understand the meaning of it, they need to search the meaning of it in the dictionary but forgotten to bring it or don’t want to bring it because of its weight. Students may use their dictionary in their smartphones. This is because it can lighten the weight of bag and save the times to search it because it more easy and fast. 5.0.7 Calendar Almost every mobile phone has built-in the calendar function. For students, it could difficult to memorise everything. Such as the date of exam or pass up the homework, the deadline of pass up the project or assignment, so they can use this function to organize or distribute an alert for reminds them so that they will never forget it. 5.0.8 Voice notes Students may use the mobile phones recording. The pros of using voice recording function are faster to notes down and record all the important things, and it is a best and quickly way to track what they need to do and what should they do. It is no denying that students not always have a direct notepad to note it, so the used of the mobile phone is useful to write down the important things. 5.0.9 Calculator Most of the phone maintains the function of calculator. Mostly the high school need a calculator in the math course because they have many things to calculate such as the most calculation that we always used like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division. 5.0.10 Internet access The one function in the mobile phone that most attract the students when break. Besides it was a functional tool to every student who studies in college or university. But some of the classroom cannot surf the internet so they need to bring the data for search the relevant information to complete the project or exercise. 6.0 Conclusion It goes without saying that this implying this method will bring about a positive outcome on their studies. Although some of the students may not pay attention in the class because of he or she keep playing their phone. Due to the reason, most of the teachers or lectures were feeling annoyance about this case. Henceforth, they set a law that not allow students bringing their mobile phone to the school, once they bring it, or the staff and lecture discover, college or university will punish them. For example, they will give a warning letter, a verbal warming, or will seizure it. Therefore, we should think about from the perspective of the students. To be frank, mostly students were not understand the difficult words they not brave to ask their teacher or lecture, so they just can keep quiet and pass it. Second to that, the college or university life was more stress and pressure than the primary and secondary school. The students need to rush for their assignment, so that they more nee d the mobile phone to complete everything. We can take the example of the students who always search the relevant information form the website. If they forgot to bring their laptop or no laptop, the only way to search at website is using the mobile phone. Last but not lease, students also can get the homework or information from the websites as fast as possible. As such, all the college or university shall support all the students bring their phones to college or university and not ban them to bringing it to college or university. References Callahan, L. (2011). Multidisciplinary Approaches to Code Switching edited by ISURIN, LUDMILA, DONALD WINFORD, KEES DE BOT. The Modern Language Journal, 95(2), pp.322323. Cirelli, C. (2014). Pros of Cell Phones in School. [online] LoveToKnow. Available at: http://cellphones.lovetoknow.com/Pros_of_Cell_Phones_in_School [Accessed 29 Jun. 2014]. Dobson, J. and Hawkins, G. (1978). Conversation in English. 1st ed. New York: American Book Co. Eastman, C. (1990). Monica Heller (ed.), Codeswitching: Anthropological and sociolinguistic perspectives (Contributions to the Sociology of Language 48). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1988. Pp. 278. Language in Society, 19(03), pp.442447. Google Books, (2014). Code-Switching in Conversation. [online] Available at: http://books.google.com.my/books?hl=enlr=id=DHk4-1SX3tYCoi=fndpg=PA1dq=introduction+to+code+switchingots=VCO4IIsil4sig=UsbcRlRNBb3sVlaBlyGBkKtM5Sc#v=onepageq=introduction to code switchingf=false [Accessed 29 Jun. 2014]. Hairydog.co.uk, (2014). Introduction to Mobile Phones. [online] Available at: http://www.hairydog.co.uk/cell2.html [Accessed 1 Jul. 2014]. Lee, W. and Lee, W. (1995). Mobile cellular telecommunications. 1st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. Lucas, S. (1998). The art of public speaking. 1st ed. Boston, Mass.: McGraw-Hill. Park, H., Choi, J. and others, (2006). Design of an internal antenna with wide and multiband characteristic for mobile handset. Microwave and optical technology letters, 48(5), pp.947950. Appendix 1 Â   Â  

Al- Aqsa Mosque Essay -- essays research papers

The Noble Sanctuary is a significant site with a sacred mosque and a sacred shrine within its walls, held in Jerusalem, for the Jewish, Christian, and Islamic religions. The Noble Sanctuary, which includes the Dome of the Rock and Al-Aqsa Mosque, represents the sacrifices and hardships many people have faced throughout the decades that formed our world in to what it is today. The Jews and the Christians have a special place in their heart for The Noble Sanctuary, but the magnitude and relevance of this place is greatest with the Muslims. It relates to their great last prophet Muhammad, who they believe, was sent from God and established Islam. Al-Aqsa Mosque, the sacred mosque within the Noble Sanctuary, accommodates the Dome of the Rock in commemorating Muhammad and Muhammad’s Night Journey into Heaven. The shrine itself was not a religious place of worship; the Dome of the Rock was solely a shrine. Al-Aqsa Mosque was built to fulfill the religious needs of Muslims. It was b uilt, spatially, near the sanctuary’s closest wall to Mecca, to pay respect to the â€Å"holy city†, where so Muhammad first started preaching and where so much history occurred, contributing heavily to Islamic religion of today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Al-Aqsa Mosque would not have been built if it were not for the building of the Dome of the Rock. The Dome of the Rock was begun in the heart of Jerusalem around 684 C.E and was finally completed in 691 C.E during the Umayyad Dynasty. The ninth Caliph, Abd al-Malik, a successor of the great prophet Muhammad, built the sanctuary to remember the Prophet, who 1 established the Islamic religion.# The Dome of the Rock is the focal point of the Noble Sanctuary. It is an octagonal shaped building with a large dome that rests atop the structure. Spatially, it lies in the very center of the Noble Sanctuary. The Dome is decorated with colorful mosaics that depict the events that occurred in the sixth and seventh centuries before the Dome was created. The inside is a sight of beauty; the beauty that some say only God can show Muslims. It has pillars, arches, and columns that go around the outside of the golden dome. The windows are of stained glass that glistens when the sun shines through them and they project exquisiteness on those pillars, arches, and columns. The Dome also contains Arabic calligraphy all around the inside of the Dome, with re... ... example of destroying a building and an entire group retaliating for the hurt and destruction is September 11th when the Taliban took it upon themselves to suicide bomb the World Trade Centers. All of America was devastated and most Americans wanted to get revenge. The Taliban knew they would upset us by doing that. The Americans found it cruel, and the Taliban succeeded in making Americans mad. Sacred places are held very closely to the heart of those that they are sacred to.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Al-Aqsa Mosque is a place that exemplifies what a Muslim could and should be like. With all the history and fighting in Jerusalem, the Muslims needed a place that glorified their religion, and that is what the Al-Aqsa Mosque does. You can pay your respects to Muhammad at the Dome of the Rock shrine, but you cannot cleanse yourself and pray to Allah there. The Al-Aqsa Mosque teaches you about the history of Islam, the practices, Muhammad and his struggles, 7 and pays respect to Mecca. Values, virtues, and continued ummah were learned and practiced through the Al-Aqsa Mosque, allowing the Islamic religion to flourish into one of the largest practicing religions of today.

Chemical Reaction Essay

Chemical Reactions Lab Objectives: 1. To examine a variety of reactions including precipitation, acid-base, gas forming, and oxidation-reduction reactions. 2. To identify the products formed in these reactions and summarize the chemical changes in terms of balanced chemical equations and net ionic equations. 3. To identify the species being oxidized and reduced in oxidation-reduction reactions and determine which species is the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent. Chemical equations represent what occurs in a chemical reaction. For example, the equation HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) describes an acid-base reaction, a type of exchange reaction in which the driving force is the formation of water. In an exchange reaction, the anion of one reactant changes places with the anion of the other reactant. Most exchange reactions take place in aqueous solutions. Other types of exchange reactions include precipitation and gas forming reactions. When a solution of lead (II) nitrate and sodium s ulfate are mixed, you observe that a precipitate is formed. What is the identity of the precipitate and what is the balanced molecular equation and net ionic equation describing this reaction? To determine the answers to these questions, you must first be able to write the CORRECT FORMULAS for the reactants and the products for this reaction. The following represents these formulas in an unbalanced chemical equation: Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + Na2SO4 (aq) → PbSO4 + NaNO3 Which product is the precipitate? One cannot know the answer to this question without using the solubility rules (Tro text, Table 4.1, p. 136). By using this table it can be determined that PbSO4 is an insoluble salt whereas NaNO3 is soluble. Consequently, one can write the subscripts for the products indicating which product is the precipitate. Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + Na2SO4 (aq) → PbSO4 (s) + NaNO3 (aq) Is this equation balanced? No. So, it now needs to be balanced. Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + Na2SO4 (aq) → PbSO4 (s) + 2 NaNO3 (aq) To write the net ionic equation, the above equation should be written as a complete ionic equation and then the spectator ions (the underlined ions) are cancelled. Pb2+ (aq) + 2 NO3- (aq) + 2 Na+ (aq) + SO42- (aq) → PbSO4 (s) + 2 Na+ (aq) + 2 NO3- (aq) So, the net ionic equation for this precipitation reaction is: Pb2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq) → PbSO4 (s) Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions are another important class of chemical reactions. In redox reactions electrons are transferred from one substance to another. For example, if a copper wire is placed in a solution of silver nitrate a redox reaction occurs and silver metal is formed along with copper (II) nitrate. Oxidation numbers: (0) (+1) (+2) (0) Molecular equation: Cu (s) + 2 AgNO3 (aq) → Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2 Ag (s) (0) (+1) (+2) (0) Net ionic equation: Cu (s) + 2 Ag+ (aq) → Cu2+ (aq) + 2 Ag (s) The oxidation numbers for the metallic elements in this equation (See oxidation number rules, Tro text, p. 148) show us that copper metal is being oxidized while the silver ion is being reduced. Copper is therefore the reducing agent while silver nitrate is the oxidizing agent. PROCEDURE YOU NEED TO WEAR GOGGLES AT ALL TIMES WHILE PERFORMING THIS EXPERIMENT. Chemical waste can be disposed of in the waste beakers supplied in the hoods. Part I: Exchange Reactions: 1. Obtain 7 small, clean test tubes. For the purposes of this lab, the test tubes need only be clean, not totally dry. A hose connected to the air supply in the hood may be used to quickly remove most water from the test tubes. 2. Place 10 drops of 0.5 M CaCl2 into each of the 7 test tubes. 3. Next, add 10 drops of 0.5 M solutions of each of the following solutions to the indicated test tubes, and record your observations. Allow at least 5 minutes for reactions to occur before disposing your solutions. Test Tube 1 2 MgSO4 (NH4)2C2O4 3 KNO3 4 Na3PO4 5 KBr 6 NaOH 7 K2CO3 4. Dispose of the solutions and any precipitates in the waste beakers located in the hoods. Wash your test tubes with soap and water. Rinse with tap water, then deionized water. 5. Add an amount equivalent to the size of a small pea of baking soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate) to a clean test tube. Add 10-20 drops of vinegar. (Vinegar is an aqueous solution of acetic acid, HC2H3O2). Record your observations. 6. IN THE HOOD, add an amount equivalent to the size of a small pea of sodium sulfite, Na2SO3, to a test tube. Add 10-20 drops of 6 M HCl. Record your observations. 7. Put 10 drops of 0.5 M nitric acid and 10 drops of 0.5 M phosphoric acid into separate test tubes. Add 1 drop of phenolphthalein to each test tube. Add drops of dilute (0.5 M) sodium hydroxide solution into each of the test tubes until a permanent color change is observed. (NOTE: Phenolphthalein is an acid-base indicator that is colorless in acidic and neutral solutions, but pink in basic solutions). HINT: When writing your net ionic equations: nitric acid is a strong acid while phosphoric acid is a weak acid. Part II: REDOX REACTIONS: 8. Add a small piece of zinc to a test tube containing 30 drops of 6 M HCl and record what happens. 9. Add a 1 inch piece of copper wire to a test tube containing 30 drops of 6 M HCl and record what happens. (Is copper an active metal or inactive metal with HCl? Look up an activity series of metals online to check). 10. IN THE HOOD, take a 2 inch piece of magnesium ribbon and hold it with a pair of crucible tongs. Light the magnesium metal with a Bunsen burner and record your observations. DO NOT LOOK DIRECTLY AT THE BURNING MAGNESIUM. LABORATORY REPORT Students will write an individual or group laboratory report at the discretion of the professor. Include the following information in your laboratory report, due at the beginning of the laboratory period next week. 1. Title. Title of the experiment, your name, your partner’s name and the date the laboratory was performed. 2. Introduction. This will be your opportunity to practice writing introductions. The introduction to the lab should be about chemical reactions in general (why they are important, examples of specific types of chemical reactions such as combustion, precipitation, redox, etc.), not about how to write and balance an equation. For complete guidelines, go to â€Å"Laboratory Reports† on the Chem 1061 website. 3. Experimental Details. A description of the procedure you followed to produce the experimental data and results. Alternatively, you may reference the procedure by citing the URL’s (web addresses). 4. Results. A table or tables of your experimental data, clearly labeled with the proper units. Remember to use subscripts and superscripts where appropriate (examples: cm3 or H2O). A neat table which includes your observations from the precipitation reactions (steps 2-3) should be included in a results section as well as any observations from the remainder of the reactions in parts I and II. 5. Discussion and Conclusion. For all the reactions observed (exchange reactions and redox), write the balanced molecular equation and net ionic equation for each reaction. For each reaction, place phase labels, [(s), (l), (g), or (aq)], after each reactant and product. In addition, for the redox reactions in part II, indicate which reactant is the oxidizing agent and which one is the reducing agent. There is no need to write equations for combinations that produced no reaction. For each reaction that you observed and for which you write equations, you may provide any additional insights that you have into the reaction (was it easy/hard to observe, interesting things to note, etc.). You will also want to correlate things learned or observed with what you discussed in the introduction about reactions in general. 6. References. Citations and references to any sources you may have used for the introduction or to perform, complete, or analyze the results of the lab. 7. Follow your instructor’s directions for submission of this lab report. If you submit by email, please attach a single file with a filename convention of Lastname Firstname Reactions and a subject line of â€Å"Chem 1061: Reactions Lab†.

Platos Allegory of the Cave - 1093 Words

Platos Cave begins by explaining the conditions of the people inside the cave. The people inside sit side by side. Their hands and legs are chained to the ground. They face a wall in the cave. The cave is illuminated by a fire behind the people. On the wall, there are projections of shadows created by the fire and objects that passes by fire. The prisoners dont know this, of course, because they are bound so tight that they cant turn their heads. There are people that are carrying objects to create the shadows. Not everyone is bound. The shadows represent the reality of which the prisoners see. They are chained down so they are compelled to see and accept whatever they see as true. The cave represents the society in which we live in. The people manipulating the shadows are the leaders of our society. Plato describes a situation is which a prisoner managed to escape. The prisoner turns around and realized that the fire burns his eyes. He begins to have difficulty seeing the shadows th at he saw all his life. The road to the outside of the cave is a painful one. But when he escapes outside of the cave, the world is a mystery to him. His eyes begins to adjust to the Sun and he sees again. He then learns of how the world really works. Platos intention here was to show how people are compelled to learn because we are all curious. The man sees the fire and it blurs his vision of the shadows. That can be deduced as the man begins to deny the idea that the wall is his reality.Show MoreRelatedAllegory Of The Cave By Plato1722 Words   |  7 PagesAllegory of the Cave Human experiences are an everyday aspect of individuals lives. The way individuals see, touch, smell, feel, and even remember is through unique experiences. People do not realize it, but our everyday life and community shape how the mind experiences certain events. Because of these, the way individuals see the world is different from person to person. 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As the story begins, Plato’s teacher, Socrates, presents a world of alternate reality to Plato’s brother Glaucon by telling him to imagine a cave full of prisoner’s who have been chained their entire lives. The shadows, voices, and figures given to them by the puppeteersRead MoreAllegory Of The Cave By Plato934 Words   |  4 Pagesour lives, every person has asked themselves a varied version of the same questions: What is â€Å"reality†, moreover what determines our perception of reality, and what am I supposed to do with (or about) it? Throughout â€Å"Allegory of the Cave,† Plato attempts to answer these questions. Plato suggests that humans have a constrained view of the world, and that reality consist of two different perceptions, a bodily eye† and a â€Å"mind’s eye.† The â€Å"mind’s eye†, th e hypothetical site of visual recollection orRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave1716 Words   |  7 PagesIn Plato’s, Allegory of the cave, a key theory I found was the importance of education. 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First and foremost, allegoricalRead MoreThe Allegory Of The Cave Proposed By Plato1595 Words   |  7 PagesThe allegory of the cave proposed by Plato includes the representation of the levels of knowledge. As we get closer to the exit, we get more knowledgeable and wiser we get, thus becoming better selves. Literature represents part of this knowledge, it has been a fundamental part of understanding our society, and has archived and developed the events and thoughts that made the world in which we live today. The more we read, the more we understand about us as well as learning from other peoples’ experiences

The Sleep Patterns Of University Students - 993 Words

The sleep patterns of university students are more problematic than those of high school students and non-university-attending adults: in one report, university students obtained fewer hours of sleep at night on leisure days relative to high school students, and their nighttime mid-sleep time was later on school days relative to that of high school students (Urner, Tornic, Bloch, 2009). Sleep problems in university student’s likely result from myriad influences, including biological factors such as changing sleep architecture and circadian rhythms as well as environmental factors such as increased involvement in academic and social activities (Colrain Baker, 2011). An estimated 35 percent of U.S. college students report less than seven†¦show more content†¦This article founded certain associations between sleep quality and temperament among university students. Seventy-one students chosen at random were asked to take the ESS (Johns, 1991) is an 8-item questionnaire that assesses current sleepiness by asking participants to report how likely they would be to doze if they were in particular situations that are differentially soporific, including those in which most people would be expected to fall asleep. The study found poor sleep quality was related to lower ratings on the effortful control factor score and on all three associated scales (activation, attentional, and inhibitory control). Poor sleep quality was associated with higher ratings on the negative affect factor score, particularly when considering the scales of fear and sadness but not discomfort or frustration (Lukowski F. A., Milojevich M. H. 2013). This study found that sleep quality was very important in determining if the student could function in school and if the student was able concentrate on material given in class. The study also found that sleep quality was unrelated to participant-reported extraversion, which means the student would be just as outgoing even if there slee p quality was poor. Even though sleep quality is important in functioning in class and could lead to poor grades and a potential GPA drop; in terms of student success, the student would be just as outgoing and socially active which is an imperative factor in college

Essay on Pro-Death Penalty - 1026 Words

Thousands of people will attack the death penalty. They will give emotional speeches about the one innocent man or woman who might accidentally get an execution sentence. However, all of these people are forgetting one crucial element. They are forgetting the thousands of victims who die every year by the hands of heartless murderers. There are more murderers out there than people who are wrongly convicted, and that is what we must remember. I, as well as many others, have total confidence in the death penalty. It is a very beneficial component of our justice system. The death penalty saves lives. It saves lives because it stops those who murder from ever murdering again. It also deters potential murderers from ever committing the crime.†¦show more content†¦Jaime, a beautiful twenty-year-old college student at SUNY Binghamton, had been walking back to her dorm after class when she was abducted by Duffy at gunpoint. Wearing a black ski mask and gloves, Jaimes friends were unable to identify him. Having no idea who this man was, they watched in horror as Jaime was grabbed, threatened, and taken away. Jaime was thrown into the front seat of a red Nissan Sentra with no license plates. Later that day, the police located the vehicle, which had been reported stolen, but Jaime and her abductor where nowhere to be found. There was not a single trace of evidence except for the fact that the car was stolen from Jaimes hometown community. Weeks went by and there were still no answers until the day two women, from Syracuse University, were abducted at gunpoint, the same way that Jaime was. The police soon realized that the three kidnappings had significant connections linking them together. These three women had all gone to high school together. Not only did they go to the same high school, they had all dated the same man at one point in time- Brian Duffy. It wasnt long before police tracked him down for questioning. Brian Duffy was arrested in April of 1997 for the rape and murder of my cousin Jaime and the twoShow MoreRelatedPro Death Penalty Speech1482 Words   |  6 Pagesintroduce myself before we get started. My name is Slick Perry and if you didn’t already know, I am the state governor of Texas. You are all aware that we are reviewing our recidivism rate to various crimes and reviewing our stance regarding the death penalty as we approach 2009. Everyone here understands that capital punishment is a very controversial topic in the United States. In Texas, from December 1982 through August 2008, only 361 criminals of the millions of Texans in our good state were executedRead MorePros And Cons Of The Death Penalty789 Words   |  4 Pages Death Penalty The death penalty has been a debated topic for decades. Many people believe that it serves justice to the person being executed, while others think that it does no good for either party. However, I believe the three most outstanding topics surround the death penalty are the cost of death vs. life in prison, attorney quality, and irrevocable mistakes. The first topic surrounding the death penalty is the cost of death vs. life in prison. This is a bigRead MoreDeath Penalty Pros and Cons1636 Words   |  7 Pages Pros and Cons of the Death Penalty The death penalty is a legal process whereby a person is put to death as a punishment for a crime. The death penalties are usually carried out for retribution of a heinous murder committed, such as aggravated murder, felony killing or contract killing. Every state handles what method they want to use to put a person to death according to their state laws. The death penalty is given by lethal injection, electrocution; gas chamber firing squad and hanging areRead More Pro Death Penalty Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesCapital punishment and the practice of the death penalty is an issue that is passionately debated in the United States. Opponents of the death penalty claim that capital punishment is unnecessary since a life sentence accomplishes the same objective. What death penalty opponents neglect to tell you is that convicted murders and child rapists escape from prison every year(List of prison escapes, 2015). As I write this essay, police are searching for two convicted murders wh o escaped from the ClintonRead MorePro Death Penalty Speech1595 Words   |  7 PagesPro Death Penalty Persuasive Speech It is October 1978 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Roger Stafford; his wife, Verna; and his brother, Harold entered the Sirloin Stockade restaurant and without any remorse or sympathy, brutally gunned down 6 people, 4 of them young teenagers.The gruesome scene depicted five bodie piled atop each other, their blood forming a slick pool that covered the floor and stained the surrounding boxes of ground beef patties and Wisconsin blue cheese. Read MoreDeath Penalty Pros And Cons1501 Words   |  7 Pagesthe death penalty. What laws have the Supreme Court recognized that warrant the death penalty as being cruel and unusual punishment. What are the pros and cons of the death penalty, death penalty vs. life incarceration from a financial standpoint, the death penalty is it a deterrent where crime is concerned, states that have the death penalty, the state with the highest number of death row inmates the state with the lowest, mentally ill and mental retardation, juveniles, women and the death penaltyRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Death Penalty915 Words   |  4 PagesThe Death Penalty is the punishment of execution to someone who legally by court of law convicted a capital crime. In the United States of America this is mainly used for aggravated murder. Additionally this means that the murder has circumstances that are severe. 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Remittances and Innovation Processes †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Remittances and Innovation Processes. Answer: Introduction: During 1990s, the world was faced by changes in social life, politics, and technology. People began to think about terms like globalization and the internet. These terms exactly show what the current world is facing. It is evident from history that the world has faced two great revolutions; for instance, the agricultural revolution and industrial movement. Most researchers have indicated that we are currently in the middle of the third revolution (Abella, 2004). The agricultural movement was concerned with farming, which requires certain technological advances to make it successful. The agricultural products must also pass through industries in order to come up with other products through manufacturing processes. All these things require development of ideas that are arrived at through innovation. Therefore, innovation has aided revolutions both industrial and agricultural. The building of factories characterized the industrial movement where products were turned into goods that are more useful. A lot of research therefore needed to be done in order to know more about the procedures and get viable information. The third revolution that we are is thus characterized by the presence of personal computers and smart phones that make it possible to search for information in the internet easily to enhance our understanding help us to be innovative, and develop new ideas (Adams, 2002). The most important factor in innovation is the development of ideas. Ideas have unique characteristic, for instance, it is not exhaustive- that is, other people can still use an idea that has been used by somebody severally. In the world of business, new inputs can be employed to improve and not to lower the returns. The process of managing innovation depends on the type of innovation at hand. This is because there are several types of innovations that can be explored by an organization or a firm, but the most common types revolve around product and services. There is an ongoing debate about the need for successful innovation in order for it to be a greater one. According to Tidd and Bessant, 2011, innovation does not mean an idea only, but it represents implementation as well. Irrespective of how one defines innovation, it is important to note that the aspect of innovation is not a current one, but that which has existed for several years (Amuedo-Dorantes, Pozo, 2004). For instance, in history, there have been instances where ideas are converted in to realization. Throughout the time, several innovative ideas have been developed, tested and implemented. Some of these ideas have gone a long way in helping organizations achieving their goals and objectives. It is important to consider innovation as one of the critical things that keep organizations or firms moving. Due to the changes in technology, new ideas come in to perspective irrespective of those at the helm of management or leadership. They usually face changes that are inevitable. Innovation therefore has several roles that would be fundamental to the success of the firm or organization. Researchers have indicated that development of products arise because of innovation and ideas that are put into action. According to Marcus, (2010), several ideas can be conceived by different members of an organization, evaluated, tested, and implemented. However, this calls for the good practice and good will from all the stakeholders of that organization. With all the stakeholders working as a team, important ideas can be put into action to with an aim of achieving and promoting the livelihood of organizations objectives and goals. Many authors of business books and articles have been able to describe various models of innovation ranging from first to fifth generation, which includes the integration of systems as well as networking. Innovation and investments In recent world, many investments are done in relation to developed ideas. Therefore, innovation is the one that drives the investments because people constantly come up with such viable ideas that when put into action would see projects being established (Bharathi, 2016). Several studies have shown that individuals who develop viable ideas seem not to implement them; rather others who have the machinery and adverse financial background implement them. In this age where we have enhanced capability to learn through the internet, it is expected that investments will be increasing as many people have devised good ways of becoming innovative. In the year 1998, many businesses were because of innovative ideas that were extremely being exploited and implemented. Hopes were that they do not collapse due to weak research, but as time moved, the managers have been able to invent new ideas and improve on the initial ideas. All these have enable these organizations excel despite the challenges that come with those innovative ideas. According to Chinn, (2003), innovation come with challenges and every innovator must learn to face the challenges by not allowing them to ruin the good idea that he has developed. There is need for proper management of innovation in the United Kingdom. A report by DTI of 1994 indicated that In 1990s, most manufacturing industries in the UK improved at a faster rate than other industries in developed countries because of innovations. However, recent studies and reports have shown that the UKs GDP has remained unchanged for quite some time. This instance has been alluded to the fact that there has been very little done to improve innovation. The UK and other developed countries have allegedly exhausted the innovative ideas and there is thinking that no more ideas can be conceived further (Miller, Biggart, and Newton, 2013). However, in the world of business and management, ideas are in exhaustive. People will continue coming up with new things and even modifying and improving the ones that are existing. As have been indicated in this report, one can realize the kind of importance innovation has on businesses. However, innovations also come with challenges and hindrances. This literature explains some of these hindrances. In organizations, these barriers can be classified as external and internal barriers. External hindrances include things like infrastructure, lack of proper education and training, improper laws, unrecognized talents in the society (Acosta, Caldern, Fajnzylber, Lpez, 2008). Internal barriers are things like bureaucracies and rigid organizational rules and processes, rigidity in formal communication systems, resistance to changes, and inadequate or lack of motivational activities. From the ongoing discussion, it can be concluded that most innovative ideas are generally thwarted by lack of commitment from organizations. For example, most managers may think that it is too expensive for an organization to implement a new idea. Dimensions of innovation Incremental Radical Product 32 bit chips to replace 16 bit chips. Launch of compact-disc Player. Process Upgrading quality inspection system. Product prototyping on computers. Organizational Implementation of quality circles. Teleconference meeting. Innovation can classified under three main dimensions. These dimensions include product, process, and organization. Product innovation involves circumstances where a person conceives an idea about a product. Product innovation is the most critical dimension of innovation that must always come first (Andrews Russell, 2012). The management should therefore be keen on all the aspects about product, from conception to final step where it would be ready for consumption. However, it must be noted that during conception, the process and all other factors that would ensure that the achievement is met as accurate as needed. Many scholars of management have indicated that product is a critical aspect of an organization. The stakeholders, employees, and management staff all focus their attention on the product and how it can be made and improved to satisfy the needs of customers. However, it may be a hard task to link the product innovation and the process innovation at the initial stages, but it may call for patience to see how the two can be intermingled and work cohesively. The second dimension of innovation is the process innovation. It is obvious that a product has to pass through several processes in order to get to a stage where it is called finished product. The process dimension is directly linked to product dimension in the fact that raw materials have to be changed to consumable product through a well-defined process (Lavy, 2013). The aspect of innovation is critical at this point because proper arrangement has to be put in place as to minimize challenges that may make it hard to arrive at the targets. With the advances in technology, it may be necessary to automate processes that can be automated to increase efficiency, improve quantity and quality, and to minimize wasted time. Processes are varied depending on the nature of product that is at hand. Some processes are complex while others are simple. Consequently, the kind of innovation follows the nature of the process. The history of innovation indicates that there are varieties of innovation and all of them reconcile a particular type of process to be followed. In recent studies, there are suggestions that thinking about process and at the same time, the product will create a clear path and shade more light on innovative ideas that can be implemented. The UK and other developed countries have allegedly exhausted the innovative ideas and there is thinking that no more ideas can be conceived further (Miller, Biggart, and Newton, 2013). However, in the world of business and management, ideas are in exhaustive. People will continue coming up with new things and even modifying and improving the ones that are existing. The last dimension of innovation is the organizational dimension. The process innovation and product innovation, all must be brought together in a perfect organization in order to achieve the objectives. Organizational dimension is mainly concerned with creating ideas that would enable an organization perform its duties concerning management and everyone who is associated with it either directly or indirectly (Desa, and Basu, 2013). The greatest concern of an organization is to make sure that its customers are satisfactorily treated because the customer is the main purpose for their existence. It is important therefore to strive to come up with ideas that will not only enhance the achievement of organizational goals but also to improve customers consciousness, happiness, and satisfaction. In 2002, a study by the World Bank on management principles indicated that most managers are cognizant to the fact that a conducive environment for employees would positively affect their input to t he organization in terms of how much they put effort to achieve the goals and objects of the organization. In recent world, many investments are done in relation to developed ideas. Therefore, innovation is the one that drives the investments because people constantly come up with such viable ideas that when put into action would see projects being established. Several studies have shown that individuals who develop viable ideas seem not to implement them; rather others who have the machinery and adverse financial background (Haasler, 2013) implement them. In this age where we have enhanced capability to learn through the internet, it is expected that investments will be increasing as many people have devised good ways of becoming innovative. There is need for proper management of innovation in the United Kingdom. A report by DTI of 1994 indicated that In 1990s, most manufacturing industries in the UK improved at a faster rate than other industries in developed countries because of innovations. However, recent studies and reports have shown that the UKs GDP has remained unchanged for quit e some time. This instance has been alluded to the fact that there has been very little done to improve innovation. The UK and other developed countries have allegedly exhausted the innovative ideas and there is thinking that no more ideas can be conceived further. However, in the world of business and management, ideas are in exhaustive. In the year 2013, many businesses were because of innovative ideas that were extremely being exploited and implemented. Hopes were that they do not collapse due to weak research, but as time moved, the managers have been able to invent new ideas and improve on the initial ideas. All these have enable these organizations excel despite the challenges that come with those innovative ideas. Conclusion It has been shown in this paper that innovation is one that drives the activities of organizations in these modern times. It would be impossible to achieve some things if an organization disregards innovative ideas (Potters, 2002). When we considered the three most dimensions of innovation, we realized that all the three dimensions are interlinked and none should work independently. It is suggested that organizations should allow adequate research on ideas that would enhance their activities. Innovation act as a transformational factor of internal capabilities of a firm or organization, and several research studies indicate that there is a link between innovation and the performance of a firm. A recent research on Italian SMEs by Brick Lee (2013) indicates that there is a great impact of innovation on performance of an organization. Although many firms have realized the importance of innovation, some barriers tend to backtrack the efforts put in place to ensure innovation is encourag ed and any innovative idea is implemented. Lack of proper implementation strategies and will makes it hard to achieve the required as per the innovative idea. In fact, all the dimensions discussed are critical if one means well for innovation purposes. In the case of a firm, the product innovation is where an idea about a product is conceived and it must pass through a process. However, there must be an organizational management to look at it all. In recent world, many investments are done in relation to developed ideas. Therefore, innovation is the one that drives the investments because people constantly come up with such viable ideas that when put into action would see projects being established (Bharathi, 2016). Several studies have shown that individuals who develop viable ideas seem not to implement them; rather others who have the machinery and adverse financial background implement them. In this age where we have enhanced capability to learn through the internet, it is expec ted that investments will be increasing as many people have devised good ways of becoming innovative. The world is changing at pace. Companies are rethinking, restructuring and, in many cases, diversifying into new sectors to hedge their risk of disruption. Strategies to scan, learn and adapt to the new tech venture landscape are fast becoming pivotal to a companys horizon planning. The new ventures you will read about today will be different to those you were tracking yesterday; your customers expectations are continuously evolving; and your competitors will slowly get the hang of this innovation malarkey if they have not already. Bury your head in the sand for a few years of "transformation," and it is guaranteed you will come up for air in a new world one where you do not have permission to play. References Andrews Russell. (2012). Innovation and development: strategy, evaluation and impact. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 2(1), pp.33-44. Bharathi, A. (2016). Development of ideas. Higher Learning Research on Innovation, 6(4). Haasler, S. (2013). Technology and its impacts. International Journal of Training and Development, 17(3), pp.233-243. Lavy, I. (2013). Soft Skills An Important Key for Innovation in the "Shift to a Service Driven Economy" Era. International Journal of e-Education, e-Business, e-Management and e Learning. Miller, L., Biggart, A. and Newton, B. (2013). Basic innovation skills. International Journal of Training and Development, 17(3), pp.173-175. Potters, E. (2002). Improving Skills and Innovations in the 21st Century. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 55(4), p.739. Desa, G. and Basu, S. (2013). Optimization or Bricolage? Overcoming Innovative Constraints in Global Social Entrepreneurship. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 7(1), pp.26-49. Panagiotakopoulos, A. (2012). Development new ideas and skills in Greek higher education institutions (HEIs). Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 2(2), pp.141-150 Abella, M. (2004). The role of innovation in management. In D. Massey Edward Taylor (Eds.), International migration: Prospects and policies in a global market (pp. 201 - 211). London: Oxford University Press. Acosta, P., Caldern, C., Fajnzylber, P., Lpez, J. H. (2008). Do remittances lower innovation levels in Latin America? Adams, R. H. Jr. (2002). Precautionary saving from different sources of innovation: Evidence from rural Pakistan (Policy Research Working Paper Report No. 2761). Washington, DC: World Bank. Amuedo-Dorantes, C., Pozo, S. (2004). Workers' remittances and the innovation processes: A paradox of gifts. World Development, 32(8), 1407 1417